This document outlines how to manually customize the SSL support in Openfire. As of Openfire 3.2 certificate management can be performed from the Admin Console. However, if needed you can still manually manage certificates using Java Develpment Kit (JDK) tools. Important note: Once the setup process is completed Openfire will create self-signed certificates for the assigned Openfire's domain. Most users should either get the created certificates signed by a Certificate Authority or replace the created certificates with your own certificates.
Openfire's SSL support is built using the standard Java security SSL implementation (javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocket). In this document, we will describe how use the standard Java Development Kit (JDK) tools to accomplish these tasks.
A server SSL connection uses two sets of certificates to secure the connection. The first set is called a "keystore". The keystore contains the keys and certificates for the server. These security credentials are used to prove to clients that the server is legitimately operating on behalf of a particular domain. If your server will only need to act as one domain, you only need one key entry and certificate in the keystore. Keys are stored in the keystore under aliases. Each alias corresponds to a domain name (e.g. "example.com").
The second set of certificates is called the "truststore" and is used to verify that a client is legitimately operating on behalf of a particular user. In the vast majority of cases, the truststore is empty and the server will not attempt to validate client connections using SSL. Instead, the XMPP authentication process verifies users in-band. However, you may wish to require SSL authentication for certain clients when security is especially important and the number of clients connection to the server is relatively small.
Certificates attempt to guarantee that a particular party is who they claim to be. Certificates are trusted based on who signed the certificate. If you only require light security, are deploying for internal use on trusted networks, etc. you can use "self-signed" certificates. Self-signed certificates encrypts the communication channel between client and server. However the client must verify the legitimacy of the self-signed certificate through some other channel. The most common client reaction to a self-signed certificate is to ask the user whether to trust the certificate, or to silently trust the certificate is legitimate. Unfortunately, blindly accepting self-signed certificates opens up the system to 'man-in-the-middle' attacks.
The advantage of a self-signed certificate is you can create them for free which is great when cost is a major concern, or for testing and evaluation. In addition, you can safely use a self-signed certificate if you can verify that the certificate you're using is legitimate. So if a system administrator creates a self-signed certificate, then personally installs it on a client's truststore (so that the certificate is trusted) you can be assured that the SSL connection will only work between the client and the correct server.
For higher security deployments, you should get your certificate signed by a certificate authority (CA). Clients truststores will usually contain the certificates of the major CA's and can verify that a CA has signed a certificate. This chain of trust allows clients to trust certificate from servers they've never interacted with before. Certificate signing is similar to a public notary (with equivalent amounts of verification of identity, record keeping, and costs).
The Oracle JDK ships with all the security tools you need to configure SSL with Openfire. The most important is the keytool located in the JAVA_HOME/bin directory of the JDK. Java Virtual Machines persist keystores and truststores on the filesystem as encrypted files. The keytool is used to create, read, update, and delete entries in these files. Openfire ships with a self-signed "dummy" certificate designed for initial evaluation testing. You will need to adjust the default configuration for most deployments.
In order to configure SSL on your server you need complete the following tasks:
The Openfire server domain should match the host name of the server; for example, "example.com". Your user accounts will have addresses with the format "user@example.com" like email addresses. We'll assume the domain is "example.com" for the rest of the examples.
In order to create a self-signed server certificate go to the command line and change directories to the resources/security directory of your Openfire installation. You should see the default keystore and truststore files. First, you should change the default keystore password:
keytool -storepasswd -keystore keystore
keytool will ask for the old password (by default it is changeit) then the new password. Now we'll create a certificate using the keytool:
keytool -genkey -keystore keystore -alias example.com
where you should substitute your server's name for example.com. The keytool will ask for the store password, then several pieces of information required for the certificate. Enter all the information but remember to complete with your server's name when asked for your first and last name. After you have entered all the required information, keytool will ask you to verify the information and set a key password. You must use the same key password as the store password. By default you get this by simply hitting 'enter' when prompted for a key password.
If you later change the keystore password remember to change the entries' password as well using the keytool:
keytool -keypasswd -alias example.com -keystore keystore
Keytool will create certificates using the DSA algorithm by default. Some clients expect the server to have RSA certificates or they will fail to use TLS/SSL. Therefore, it is a good idea to also create RSA certificates in your keystore. To create certificates with the RSA algorithm you need to specify the algorithm to use like this:
keytool -genkey -keystore keystore -alias example.com -keyalg RSA
If you decide to get a CA signed certificate, you must first export the certificate in the standard CSR format. You can do this with the keytool:
keytool -certreq -keystore keystore -alias example.com -file certificate_file
Where you should substitute your server's name for example.com and the name of the certificate file you wish to produce for certificate_file. Submit the generated CSR to the CA and follow their instructions to get it signed.
If you had a CA sign your server certificate, or if you have an existing SSL certificate, you must import it using the keytool.
keytool -import -keystore keystore -alias example.com -file signed_certificate_file
It is important that the alias not already have an associated key or you'll receive an error.
After importing your certificate you must remove the default certificates using the keytool.
keytool -delete -keystore keystore -alias rsa
keytool -delete -keystore keystore -alias dsa
If you require clients to verify themselves using certificates, obtain their certificates and import them into the truststore file rather than the keystore. First, you should change the default truststore password:
keytool -storepasswd -keystore truststore
keytool will ask for the old password (by default it is changeit) then the new password. Now import each certificate using the keytool:
keytool -import -keystore truststore -alias user_name -file certificate_file
Open the Openfire Admin Console in your favorite browser and add or change the following system properties:
You can also use OpenSSL to create new private keys and generate certificate requests for your CA to issue new certificates. Also, check out the new Certificate Manager plugin, which allows to setup a hotdeploy directory for new certificates deployment, which in turn combined with Let's Encrypt certbot allows dynamic certificates renewal without administrator intervention.